Cognitivist believes that
learning is attainment of cognitive structure which human process and store
information. Schema is an internal knowledge structure. It’s a process involves
where new info is accepted while previous information will be altered, combine
or extended to accommodate the new information. Piaget quotes the schema the basic building
block of intelligent behavior – a
way of organizing knowledge. Indeed, it is useful to think of schemas are
“units” of knowledge, each relating to one aspect of the world, including
objects, actions and abstract (i.e. theoretical) concepts.
There are three stages of
Information Processing Model. Firstly the input enters a sensory register, then
it is processed in Short Term Memory later it’s transferred to Long Term Memory
for storage and retrieval.
In teaching and learning, the
schemata can be intentionally triggered through reading, revising, problem
solving, thinking and writing. This triggering makes the schemata more receptive
and amenable to new and earlier stored memories. The match or mismatch between
what have been retrieved and what have been studying can change the schemata
and it eases the processes of elaboration and retrieval.
A proposal
on cognitive teaching is to reduce feedback during study, even when students
make mistakes. This tactic is used when students are given numerous tests, pop
quizzes, and when they are encouraged to come up with their own ideas. “Cognitive
data have shown abundant evidence that the act of retrieval induced by a recall
test can be considered more potent than a passive study opportunity in facilitating
long-term recall (Bjork, 1988; Landauer & Bjork, 1978)”
Further Links;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget
http://www.teaglefoundation.org/grantmaking/pdf/lisason.pdf
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